This answers everything !!

A 2.4 MW beam of protons will be converted into neutrinos that will be shot through 1300 km of rock, to reach an underground neutrino detector loaded with 70,000 tons of liquid argon.

Quote:In a major step for the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, scientists have detected the first neutrinos using a DUNE prototype particle detector at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

DUNE, currently under construction, will be the most comprehensive neutrino experiment in the world. It will bring scientists closer to solving some of the biggest physics mysteries in the universe, including searching for the origin of matter and learning more about supernovae and black hole formation.

Since DUNE will feature new designs and technology, scientists are testing prototype equipment and components in preparation for the final detector installation. In February, the DUNE team finished the installation of their latest prototype detector in the path of an existing neutrino beamline at Fermilab. On July 10, the team announced that they successfully recorded their first accelerator-produced neutrinos in the prototype detector, a step toward validating the design.

“This is a truly momentous milestone demonstrating the potential of this technology,” said Louise Suter, a Fermilab scientist who coordinated the module installation. “It is fantastic to see this validation of the hard work put into designing, building and installing the detector.”

The new neutrino detection system is part of the plan for DUNE’s near detector complex that will be built on the Fermilab site. Its prototype — known as the 2×2 prototype because it has four modules arranged in a square — records particle tracks with liquid argon time projection chambers. The final version of the DUNE near detector will feature 35 liquid argon modules, each larger than those in the prototype. The modules will help navigate the enormous flux of neutrinos expected at the near site.

The 2×2 prototype implements novel technologies that enable a new regime of detailed, cutting-edge neutrino imaging to handle the unique conditions in DUNE. It has a millimeter-sized pixel readout system, developed by a team at DOE’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, that allows for high-precision 3D imaging on a large scale. This, coupled with its modular design, sets the prototype apart from previous neutrino detectors like ICARUS and MicroBooNE.

Now, the 2×2 prototype provides the first accelerator-neutrino data to be analyzed by the DUNE collaboration.

DUNE is split between two locations hundreds of miles apart: a beam of neutrinos originating at Fermilab, close to Chicago, will pass through a particle detector located on the Fermilab site, then travel 800 miles through the ground to huge detectors at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota.

The DUNE detector at Fermilab will analyze the neutrino beam close to its origin, where the beam is extremely intense. Collaborators expect this near detector to record about 50 interactions per pulse, which will come every second, amounting to hundreds of millions of neutrino detections over DUNE’s many expected years of operation. Scientists will also use DUNE to study neutrinos’ antimatter counterpart, antineutrinos.




This unprecedented flux of accelerator-made neutrinos and antineutrinos will enable DUNE’s ambitious science goals: Physicists will study the particles with DUNE’s near and far detectors to learn more about how they change type as they travel, a phenomenon known as neutrino oscillation. By looking for differences between neutrino oscillations and antineutrino oscillations, physicists will seek evidence for a broken symmetry known as CP violation to determine whether neutrinos might be responsible for the prevalence of matter — and hence everything — in our universe.

The DUNE collaboration is made up of more than 1,400 scientists and engineers from over 200 research institutions. Nearly 40 of these institutions work on the near detector. Specifically, hardware development of the 2×2 prototype was led by the University of Bern in Switzerland, DOE’s Fermilab, Berkeley Lab and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, with significant contributions from many universities.

“It is wonderful to see the success of the technology we developed to measure neutrinos in such a high-intensity beam,” said Michele Weber, a professor at the University of Bern — where the concept of the modular design was born and where the four modules were assembled and tested — who leads the effort behind the new particle detection system. “A successful demonstration of this technology’s ability to record multiple neutrino interactions simultaneously will pave the way for the construction of the DUNE liquid argon near detector.”

Testing the 2×2 prototype is necessary to demonstrate that the innovative design and technology are effective on a large scale to meet the near detector’s requirements. A modular liquid-argon detector capable of detecting high rates of neutrinos and antineutrinos has never been built or tested before.

The existing Fermilab beamline is an ideal place for testing and presents an exciting opportunity for the researchers to measure these mysterious particles. It is currently running in “antineutrino mode,” so DUNE scientists will use the 2×2 prototype to study the interactions between antineutrinos and argon.

When antineutrinos hit argon atoms, as they will in the argon-filled near detector, they interact and produce other particles. The prototype will observe what kinds of particles are produced and how often. Studying these antineutrino interactions will prepare scientists to compare neutrino and antineutrino oscillations with DUNE.“Analyzing this data is a great opportunity for our early-career scientists to gain experience,” said Kevin Wood, the first run coordinator for the 2×2 prototype and a postdoctoral researcher at Berkeley Lab, where the prototype’s novel readout system was developed. “The neutrino interactions imaged by the 2×2 prototype will provide a highly anticipated dataset for our graduate students, postdocs and other young collaborators to analyze as we continue to prepare to bring DUNE online.”The DUNE collaboration plans to bombard the 2×2 prototype with antineutrinos from the Fermilab beam for several months.

Sergio Bertolucci, professor of physics at the University of Bologna in Italy and co-spokesperson of DUNE with Mary Bishai of Brookhaven National Laboratory, said, “This is an exciting milestone for the 2×2 team and the entire DUNE collaboration. Let this be the first of many neutrino interactions for DUNE!”

Quote:One of the last two examples of the legendary Martin Mars flying boats, Hawaii Mars has made a spectacular final flight, taking it from its long-time home on Sproat Lake in British Columbia, Canada, to see out its retirement in a museum. Originally developed for the U.S. Navy as a patrol bomber and then reconfigured as a transport planned for use in the war in the Pacific, the huge aircraft found its niche as a water bomber but had not flown in this role for nearly a decade.

Thousands of spectators gathered on Vancouver Island yesterday to watch Hawaii Mars complete its flight from Sproat Lake in Port Alberni to its new home at the B.C. Aviation Museum in Sidney on Vancouver Island. For part of its roughly two-hour flight, which took it over various local communities, the flying boat was accompanied by the nine CT-114 Tutor jet trainers of the Canadian Forces Snowbirds demonstration squadron. Among others, the behemoth made fly-bys of Port Alberni, Comox, Campbell River, Powell River Nanaimo, the Gulf Islands, and downtown Victoria.



The Hawaii Mars finally touched down at Saanich Inlet, just northwest of Victoria, and will next be transported overland to the B.C. Aviation Museum.



At the controls of Hawaii Mars for its last flight was a crew from Harbour Air Seaplanes, a British Columbia-based airline that primarily operates de Havilland Canada floatplanes. In the pilot’s seat was Rick Matthews, with Peter Killin alongside him.

“It’s kind of sad that it’s the end of the story,” Killin told reporters. “It’s a new chapter coming… it’s going to be good; people will get to see it.”

Killin has more than a thousand hours on the type and both pilots have flown the Mars on firefighting missions on behalf of Coulson Aviation, its last operator.

A video shows the Hawaii Mars returning to its mooring buoy on Sproat Lake in July, eight years since its previous last flight:



The Hawaii Mars had been used to fight fires in British Columbia for more than half a century after it was purchased and appropriately modified by the local forestry services. Coulson acquired it in 2007 and used it in the same capacity until 2015. The aircraft was put up for sale the following year, as we recounted at the time. The company confirmed earlier this year that it would donate it to the B.C. Aviation Museum, after obsolescence finally caught up with the veteran water bomber. As well as rotary-wing aircraft, Coulson today operates adapted C-130 Hercules and Boeing 737 aircraft as water bombers.

“It’s bittersweet to say goodbye,” Wayne Coulson, Coulson’s CEO told CBC News.

Beginning in September, visitors to the museum will be able to look at the water bomber as the centerpiece of a new wildfire exhibition.

A video shows tests on the water, including high-power runs, last month, in preparation for the final flight:




“This is a once-in-a-lifetime event,” said Steve Nichol, president of the museum. “We’re going to have it open every day for the public, just to see what it was like to be inside the Martin Mars. I think people will be fascinated by it.”

There’s no doubt that the Martin Mars is a fascinating aircraft.

With a wingspan of 200 feet and a length of more than 117 feet, the Mars — in its ultimate configuration — tipped the scales at 165,000 pounds at its maximum takeoff weight. It was powered by four Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone radial engines, each producing 2,500 horsepower.

The Mars flying boat was originally designed prior to World War II to meet a long-range patrol bomber specification, as the XPB2M-1, and was first flown as a prototype in July 1942. The demands of the war in the Pacific saw the prototype adapted to become a transport in late 1943, leading to a production run of five JRM-1s and a single JRM-2 that featured an increased gross weight and more powerful engines. Orders for a further 15 aircraft were canceled and subsequently, the JRM-1s were also brought up to the same standard, becoming JRM-3s. In the event, the wartime use of the monster transports was strictly limited.

Nevertheless, the Mars was the largest flying boat ever operated by the Navy and, among its feats, it demonstrated the ability to haul a 20,500-pound cargo from the Pacific Coast to Hawaii, a distance of 4,700 miles, which the prototype covered in 27 hours and 26 minutes. On another occasion, during a mission in May 1949, one of the production ’boats carried a total of 301 passengers, plus a crew of seven, a record at the time. The first two Mars were scrapped, while another sank after an engine fire off Oahu, Hawaii, in 1950.



In 1959 a consortium of Canadian logging companies acquired the four surviving Mars aircraft from the U.S. Navy at a cost of $100,000 and converted them for fighting forest fires.

Once adapted to work as a water bomber, the Mars had the capacity to carry more than 6,000 gallons of water, scooped up as it skimmed over the surface of a lake. Configurations differed slightly, but in the Hawaii Mars water was contained in four separate tanks accommodated in the massive hull; the process of filling the tanks took around 15 seconds. The water was then dropped over an area measuring around 600 feet long and 250 feet wide, enough coverage to often deal with smaller blazes in a single pass.



In Canadian service, one of the Mars was lost in a fatal crash in 1961 while another was destroyed on the ground by a typhoon only a year later.



By the beginning of the 21st century, the two surviving Mars —Hawaii Mars and Philippine Mars — were still being used as water bombers, but were offered for sale in 2001, Coulson snapping them up in 2007.


It is estimated that, over the course of its service life, Hawaii Mars alone dropped around 50 million gallons of water on wildfires, making it, by Wayne Coulson’s reckoning, the most effective firefighting aircraft in history.

In 2015, Hawaii Mars also had an interesting cameo role as a training aircraft for Chinese pilots. Under a contract from the International Test Pilots School, the Chinese contingent got valuable experience flying a very large flying boat, to help with the development of China’s AG600, an aircraft you can read more about here.



In April this year, it was announced that sister aircraft, Philippine Mars, will be acquired by the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona, and will be put on permanent display there. It is due to be flown there later in the year.

While the curtain has now come down on the career of Hawaii Mars, enthusiasts will therefore have one more chance to see one of these mammoth flying boats take to the air before they are finally consigned to history.

A friend who has just moved here permanently sent this to me ...he is 85 and has sold everything except for 40 acres back in the states (N.M.). Hard to sell land but he is trying. Used to play golf with him all the time in his younger days ( I miss his money from our games; not much coin but good bragging rights !) but now he is lucky to stand up without a walker.

Quote:Say you are an older senior citizen and can no longer take care of yourself and the government says there is "NO" Nursing Home care available for you.  So, what do you do?You opt for “Medicare Plan G”.       The plan gives anyone 75 or older a gun (Plan G) and one bullet.

You are allowed to shoot one worthless politician.
This means you will be sent to prison for the rest of your life where you will receive three meals a day, a roof over your head, central heating and air conditioning, cable TV, a library, and all the Health Care you need.
Need new teeth? No problem. Need glasses? That's great.
Need a hearing aid, new hip, knees, kidney, lungs, sex change, or heart?
They are all covered!
As an added bonus, your kids can come and visit you at least as often as they do now!
And, who will be paying for all of this?
The same government that just told you they can't afford for you to go into a nursing home.
And you will get rid of a useless politician while you are at it.
And now, because you are a prisoner, you don't have to pay any more income taxes!
Is this a great country or what? Now that I've solved your senior financial plan, enjoy the rest of your week.

That is freedom of speech.




UK Treasure trove of LLM (Large Language Model) training data.


The UK Government has just taken a significant lead in the competition for the creation of substantial and meaningful (to them) AI data sets.


If you comment about her hair, you'll go straight to jail. At the very least you get your name added to a special "list."








3 years for a meme Vs. 6 months for murder:




Wild, crazy times!


UK Rendition Ops Coming for Americans

I'm just going to dive right in.

People who think they're smart because they know how to use Google, are the biggest pains in the ass.

I've got 15 years electrical experience, and I was sharing a story that had a little knowledge in there, and as always there is some "Google smart" dumbass who chimes in with something they read on Google.

No matter what you say these people always know more because they "googled it."

To even tell these people that Google is highly biased and controlled information, and even often times false is a waste of time.

People can't even be taught anymore. Everyone already knows everything. 

And yet, I'm surrounded by freakin' morons who don't know they're left hand from their right, unless they Google'd it.

The world is getting dumber and dumber.....all thanks to Google. 

I know you all know these people. Smh

They need to shut the **** up. Because they don't know diddly squat.

That is all.

Preplanning already. I remember every election (before the last one) where the results were known the same night, even way back when we "Only" had paper ballots. Does anyone buy that they can't "count" ballots any longer? If so, what is the use of electronic machines other than the obvious?

One of the best comments on the thread:

Quote:They can't tell you the results on Election Night.


But they can tell you today that it will be Kamala.

LOL

Quote:The Pennsylvania Department of State has announced that the results of the state's upcoming election will not be known on election night.


In a social media post, the department ,“Pennsylvanians won’t always know the final results of all races on election night. Any changes in results that occur as countries continue to count ballots are not evidence that an election is ‘rigged.’” The post also included a link to a website dedicated to fact-checking claims about Pennsylvania's election process.

The announcement echoes the situation from the 2020 election when initial results appeared to favor President Donald Trump as polls closed. However, as mail-in ballots were counted in the following days, Joe Biden was declared the winner in Pennsylvania. The prolonged counting process has frustrated some critics who argue that state election results should be finalized and made public on or immediately following November 5.


Despite calls for reform, Pennsylvania lawmakers did not pass legislation that would allow pre-canvassing of ballots, which could speed up the counting process. The legislative session ended without any changes to the law despite the Pennsylvania House of Representatives passing an initiative in May, according to The Washington Post.

As one of the key battleground states in the upcoming election, Pennsylvania's 19 electoral votes could be crucial in determining the next president. If the race comes down to Pennsylvania, it may take several days before the American public knows the final outcome of the election.

“If the electoral college comes down to Pennsylvania or Wisconsin, we might still face a long period where we don’t know the winner,” explained Rachel Orey, an elections expert with the Bipartisan Policy Center.

If you are still working this may shed some light on how much more you are going to "not have" shortly.


https://www.kamalataxcalculator.com/

I do hope someone someday gets into government that will decapitate the sickos who reside and work in Washington for our government..

Not much of a surprise IMO
https://lists.theepochtimes.com/links/fu...CQlQHbzfHt

Quote:Disposable face masks, such as those health officials encouraged (or in some cases, mandated) the public to wear during the COVID-19 pandemic, are made of synthetic fibers and may contain chemical compounds. Many people have questioned the wisdom of wearing masks made of synthetic fibers for long periods, asking whether inhaling the chemical compounds masks release could lead to health problems.
Face masks may release up to 5,390 microplastic particles in a 24-hour period and surgical masks in particular may release approximately 3,152 microfibers in less than one hour, according to a review in the journal Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in April 2024.
To perform this review, German and Swiss researchers examined 24 studies evaluating 631 surgical, cloth, and N95 masks to determine their composition and the compounds they released. Sixty-three percent of the masks showed “alarming results,” the researchers wrote, releasing high amounts of micro- and nanoplastics.

The researchers found that many substances in the masks—among them volatile organic compounds (VOCs), xylene, acrolein, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalates, lead, cadmium, copper, and titanium dioxide (TiO2)—exceeded the established safety limits for humans.
In a 2022 article published in the journal Nature, a group of researchers determined that 12 types of face masks all “exceeded the acceptable exposure level to TiO2 by inhalation,” and called for regulatory standards for the use of TiO2, a potential human carcinogen.
The Latest Research
The latest study of this type, “Comprehensive Risk Assessment of the Inhalation of Plasticizers From the Use of Face Masks,” which recently appeared in the journal Environment International, tested four types of face masks for the presence of 31 types of plasticizers. It also investigated to what extent these compounds and others were released (and thus inhaled) during simulated mask use.
While “overall plasticizer concentration was similar in all four face mask types,” the researchers report, they found surgical masks and FFP2s (widely used in Europe) had high plasticizer release rates of around 4 percent (3.9 percent and 4.8 percent, respectively).
Related Stories
[/url]COVID Mask Wearers Could Be Exposed to Toxic Chemicals: Study

8/29/2023


Bad News for Mask-Wearers: Study Shows Link to More COVID Infections | Facts Matter
[url=https://www.theepochtimes.com/epochtv/bad-news-for-mask-wearers-study-shows-link-to-more-covid-infections-facts-matter-5542933?ea_src=author_manual&ea_med=related_stories]
12/7/2023
“Face masks are predominantly composed of synthetic materials,” most commonly polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyester, wrote the researchers, of the group Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), part of the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research in Barcelona, Spain.
Manufacturers also incorporate additives such as phthalates and organophosphate esters (OPEs) into face masks as plasticizers “to increase softness and flexibility, or as a flame retardant,” the researchers explain. These are not the only chemical compounds found in face masks. Others include heavy metals, PFAS, and VOCs.
In the ONHEALTH study, the average plasticizer concentrations found in different mask types were:
7.27 µg (micrograms)—surgical masks
8.61 µg—reusable masks
11.0 µg—KN-95 masks
13.9 µg—FFP2 masks
Inhalation Simulation Tests
To investigate the amounts of plasticizers the masks released, the researchers conducted inhalation experiments on paper-mâché dummy heads to replicate typical use in humans. The findings showed that higher temperatures mimicking human breathing caused higher release of plastic additives. “The high-temperature condition [in the experiment] presents the worst-case scenario for the release of plastic additives,” the researchers wrote.
The amounts of compounds the masks released varied widely, ranging from 0.1 percent to 95 percent depending on the specific compound and mask type. “Notably, OPEs exhibited a mean release percentage of 1.0%, similar to phthalates, which showed a 1.2% release,” the researchers wrote.
The mask types with the highest overall release rates were surgical masks and FFP2s (3.9 percent and 4.8 percent, respectively). The reusable masks showed the lowest release rate, averaging 0.6 percent. The release rate of KN-95s was 1.2 percent. One surgical mask showed a release rate of one compound, acetyl tributyl citrate, a potential endocrine disruptor, of 95 percent.
Masks ‘An Additional Exposure Pathway’
Importantly, the values for the specific compounds the study tested for “remained below the established threshold limits,” the researchers wrote. However, plasticizers are present in more than just face masks; they are commonly incorporated into toys, food packaging, clothing, cosmetics, cleaning products, and other items most people come into contact with daily.
Face masks “represent an additional exposure pathway that, when considered alongside other more predominant routes such as indoor/outdoor inhalation, dermal absorption, and dietary intake, makes the total exposure worthy of consideration,” the researchers wrote.
“Due to the proven exposure to plasticizers, the genotoxic, immunotoxic, and teratogenic [birth defect] risk remains regardless of the calculated values, particularly for children, pregnant women, and other risk groups.”
Plasticizers have been found in pregnant women’s blood and have been implicated in the dramatic drop in global sperm counts over the past 50 years, raising concern that these chemicals damage fertility and the health of future generations.

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